John William Money 8 July β 7 July was a New Zealand American psychologist , sexologist and author specializing in research into sexual identity and biology of gender. He was one of the first researchers to publish theories on the influence of societal constructs of " gender " on individual formation of gender identity.
Money introduced the terms gender identity , gender role and sexual orientation and popularised the term paraphilia. Recent academic studies have criticized Money's work in many respects, particularly in regard to his involvement with the involuntary sex-reassignment of the child David Reimer , [3] his forcing this child and his brother to simulate sex acts which Money photographed [4] and the adult suicides of both brothers.
Money's writing has been translated into many languages and includes around 2, articles, books, chapters and reviews. He received around 65 honors, awards and degrees in his lifetime. Born in Morrinsville , New Zealand, to a family of English and Welsh descent, [5] Money initially studied psychology at Victoria University of Wellington , [6] graduating with a double master's degree in psychology and education in He was married briefly in the s but had no children.
He popularized the term paraphilia appearing in the DSM-III which would later replace perversions and introduced the term sexual orientation in place of sexual preference , arguing that attraction is not necessarily a matter of free choice. Money was a professor of pediatrics and medical psychology at Johns Hopkins University from until his death.
The hospital began performing sexual reassignment surgery in Author Janet Frame attended some of Money's classes at the University of Otago as part of her teacher training.
