Racism in Israel encompasses all forms and manifestations of racism experienced in Israel , irrespective of the colour or creed of the perpetrator and victim, or their citizenship , residency , or visitor status. More specifically in the Israeli context, however, racism in Israel refers to racism directed against Israeli Arabs by Israeli Jews , [1] intra-Jewish racism between the various Jewish ethnic divisions in particular against Ethiopian Jews , [2] historic and current racism towards Mizrahi Jews and Jews of color, and racism on the part of Israeli Arabs against Israeli Jews.
Racism on the part of Israeli Jews against Muslim Arabs in Israel exist in institutional policies, personal attitudes, the media, education, immigration rights, housing, [3] social life and legal policies. Some elements within the Ashkenazi Israeli Jewish population have also been described as holding discriminatory attitudes towards fellow Jews of other backgrounds, including against Ethiopian Jews , Indian Jews , Mizrahi Jews , Sephardi Jews , etc. Ethiopian Jews in particular have faced discrimination from non-Black Jews.
It has been suggested that the situation of the Ethiopian Jews as 'becoming white' is similar to that of some European immigrants like Poles and Italians who arrived in the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Israel has broad anti-discrimination laws that prohibit discrimination by both government and nongovernment entities on the basis of race, religion, and political beliefs, and prohibits incitement to racism.
Israel is a state-party to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination , and is a signatory of the Convention against Discrimination in Education. Israel's President Reuven Rivlin announced to a meeting of academics in October that it is finally time for Israel to live up to its promise as a land of equality, time to cure the epidemic of racism. According to Sammy Smooha , a Professor of Sociology at the University of Haifa , the answer to the question of whether racism exists in Israel depends on the definition of racism adopted.
If Pierre L. According to other definitions, racism is a belief that membership in a certain group, not necessarily genetic or biological, determines the qualities of individuals. By this definition, racist views are present in portions of the Israeli population. A report written by the Israeli Foreign Ministry describes Israel as a multi-ethnic , multicultural , multi-religious, and multi-lingual society, which has a high level of informal segregation patterns.
